Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NASH) is an increasingly common condition that affects a growing segment of the population. It is characterized by the accumulation of fat in liver cells, not caused by alcohol abuse. Although it may initially be asymptomatic, over time it can lead to serious complications, including cirrhosis and cancer. Understanding the symptoms and risk factors of NASH is crucial for early detection and prevention of serious consequences.
What is nonalcoholic fatty liver disease?
NASH is a metabolic disease, meaning it involves a metabolic disorder. Fat builds up in the liver, leading to inflammation and damage. Unlike alcoholic fatty liver disease, NASH develops in people who don’t drink alcohol or drink only in small amounts. The process can progress slowly over years, often without any noticeable symptoms.
Symptoms of NASH:
Many people with NASH have no symptoms for a long time. When symptoms do appear, they can be nonspecific and easy to miss. They include:
Pain in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen: May be dull and persistent.
Increased liver enzymes: Detected by blood tests.
Increased Fatigue: Feeling constantly exhausted and lacking energy.
Loss of appetite: Decreased interest in food.
Bloating: A feeling of fullness and discomfort in the abdomen.
Jaundice: Yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes (rare, indicates advanced disease).
NASH risk factors:
The risk of developing NASH increases with:
Obesity: Excess body weight and obesity are major risk factors.
Type 2 diabetes: Disturbances in carbohydrate metabolism increase the risk.
High cholesterol and triglyceride levels: Lipid disorders contribute to the development of the disease.
Metabolic syndrome: A combination of abdominal obesity, high blood pressure, high blood sugar, and abnormal lipids.
Certain medications: Certain medications may increase the risk of NASH.
Diagnosis and treatment:
NASH is diagnosed by blood tests of liver enzymes, abdominal ultrasound, and liver biopsy (in some cases). Treatment focuses on lifestyle changes, including:
Weight loss: Even a small amount of weight loss can significantly improve liver health.
Changing your diet: A healthy diet rich in fruits, vegetables and whole grains.
Physical exercise: Regular physical activity.
Treating comorbidities: Control of diabetes, hypertension and lipid disorders.
In some cases, your doctor may recommend medications to help reduce inflammation in the liver.
Summary:
NASH is a serious disease, but early detection and proper treatment can prevent serious complications. Regular medical check-ups, a healthy lifestyle, and risk factor control are key to preventing and treating nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. If you notice any of the symptoms described, consult your doctor.
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