HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) infection can initially be asymptomatic, making early detection difficult. That is why regular testing is key to health and effective treatment. Early diagnosis allows for the initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART), which significantly slows disease progression and improves quality of life.
Early symptoms:
It is important to remember that many of the symptoms listed are non-specific, meaning that they can be caused by a variety of conditions. Their occurrence does not automatically confirm HIV infection. Only a blood test can diagnose HIV.
Symptoms that may appear within 2-4 weeks of infection (so-called acute HIV infection) include:
Flu-like symptoms: fever, muscle and joint pain, fatigue, headache, sore throat, skin rash.
Enlarged lymph nodes: especially in the neck, armpits and groin.
Abdominal pain: diarrhea, nausea, vomiting.
Night sweats: excessive sweating at night.
Mouth ulcers: aphthae.
Later symptoms (AIDS):
If HIV infection is left untreated, it can lead to AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome). In this phase, symptoms are much more severe and include:
Weight loss: Significant weight loss for no known reason.
Opportunistic infections: frequent and persistent infections such as pneumonia, herpes, fungal infections.
Cancer: increased risk of developing cancers such as lymphoma.
Dementia: cognitive impairment.
How to get tested?:
The most effective way to diagnose HIV is a blood test . There are two types of tests:
HIV tests: detect antibodies to the HIV virus in the blood. These antibodies usually start to appear within 2-8 weeks of infection, but can sometimes take longer (window period). Rapid HIV tests are available, giving results within 20 minutes.
HIV RNA tests: A more sensitive test that detects the HIV virus itself in the blood. This test is used to diagnose early stages of infection, when HIV tests may not yet show antibodies.
Where to get tested?
HIV testing can be performed:
In infectious disease clinics: Free and anonymous.
In some medical clinics: The range of tests offered may vary depending on the facility.
At HIV/AIDS prevention points: Free, anonymous and discreet. They are often supported by non-governmental organizations.
In private laboratories: paid testing.
Important:
Regular HIV testing is recommended, especially for people who are sexually active and/or use drugs.
The examination is painless and quick.
Anonymity is guaranteed in most places where you can get tested.
Early detection and initiation of HIV treatment significantly improves prognosis and quality of life.
Don't hesitate, take care of your health and get tested. The information in this article is educational and does not replace a consultation with a doctor. If you have any doubts, consult a doctor or a specialist in infectious diseases.
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